Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques are one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this issue, Liu et al. investigate the correlations between AD-related brain pathology and cognitive dysfunction based on postmortem samples from the National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function. In the cover image, the left panel shows a schematic of typical diffuse-type Aβ plaques in an aging human brain with healthy neurites and normal cognition, while the right panel shows focal-type Aβ plaques with dystrophic neurites in an AD brain with cognitive impairment. The focal-type Aβ plaques infiltrated by activated, hyperplastic microglia may play a role in neural degeneration (inflamed/deformed neurons) and memory loss (discolored/fragmented family pictures) in AD patients. See pages 1125−1138. (Cover image provided by Prof. Chao Ma and Dr. Penghao Liu).