1Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
2Institutes of Translational Medicine, 1st Affi liated Hospital of Dalian Medical Universtiy, Dalian 116011, China

Abstract 

Hyposmia, identified as reduced sensitivity to odor, is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) that antedates the typical motor symptoms by several years. It occurs in ∼90% of early-stage cases of PD. In addition to the high prevalence, the occurrence of hyposmia may also predict a higher risk of PD. Investigations into hyposmia and its relationship with PD may help elucidate the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. This review provides an update of olfactory dysfunction in PD and its potential as a biomarker for this devastating disease.

Keywords

hyposmia; Parkinson’s disease; olfaction; biomarker

[SpringerLink]