Transcranial temporal interference stimulation precisely targets deep brain regions to regulate eye movements
Mo Wang1 · Sixian Song2,3 · Dan Li1 · Guangchao Zhao4 · Yu Luo5 · Yi Tian2 · Jiajia Zhang2 · Quanying Liu1 · Pengfei Wei2,3,51 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
2 Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4 Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
5 Shenzhen Zhongkehuayi Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518107, China
Abstract
Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) is a novel non-invasive neuromodulation technique with the potential to precisely target deep brain structures. This study explores the neural and behavioral effects of tTIS on the superior colliculus (SC), a region involved in eye movement control, in mice. Computational modeling revealed that tTIS delivers more focused stimulation to the SC than traditional transcranial alternating current stimulation. In vivo experiments, including Ca2+ signal recordings and eye movement tracking, showed that tTIS effectively modulates SC neural activity and induces eye movements. A significant correlation was found between stimulation frequency and saccade frequency, suggesting direct tTIS-induced modulation of SC activity. These results demonstrate the precision of tTIS in targeting deep brain regions and regulating eye movements, highlighting its potential for neuroscientific research and therapeutic applications.
Keywords
Temporal interference stimulation; Superior colliculus; Tissue phantom; Finite element method; Transcranial electrical stimulation; Eye movement
