Life Cycle and Circadian Rhythms in Central Resident Immunity and Neuropsychiatric Pathology
Zhixin Lim1,2,3,12 · Ha Linh Nguyen1,2,3,12 · Yuanyuan Zeng4 · Qigngyue Qu5 · Yan Le5 · Ming Sun1,2,3,6,12 · Xiaoyu Wang1,2,3,12 · Hong Zhu4,8,10 · Yuchen Qian6,12 · Saboor Saeed1,2,3,12 · Huaizhi Wang1,2,3,12 · Dazhong Rong2,7,12 · Yueming Wang2,7,12 · Xuhong Zhang1,2,3,8,9,12 · Shaohua Hu1,2,3,8,9,10,11,12,13
1 Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
2 MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain‑Machine Integration, Nanhu Brain‑computer Interface Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311100, China
3 The Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Psychiatry, Hangzhou 310003, China
4 Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 311399, China
5 Zhejiang University International Union College, Jiaxing 314400, China
6 Zhu Kezhen College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311100, China
7 College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
8 Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
9 The Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Psychiatry, Hangzhou 310003, China
10 Mingguang Eye Hospital, Ningbo 315300, China
11 Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
12 The State Key Lab of Brain‑Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China
13 Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
Abstract
The central resident immune system, commonly known as the glial system, comprises various glial cells that play a critical role in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, a systematic review exploring the relationships between the life cycles and daily rhythms of these immune cells and the pathological features of neuropsychiatric disorders is lacking. These immune cells exhibit unique developmental origins and circadian characteristics, resulting in rhythmic variations in functions such as phagocytosis, immune clearance, neurogenesis, and neurotransmitter recycling. These properties are crucial for understanding the pathological mechanisms underlying developmental disorders like major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia, as well as age-related conditions such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. The daily rhythms of these immune cells correlate with diurnal variations in emotion, cognition, and motor function, involving shared processes like oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. This article systematically reviews the composition, life cycle changes, and circadian characteristics of central immune cells, highlighting their roles in neuropsychiatric diseases.
Keywords
Central resident immunity; Life cycle; Circadian rhythm; Neuropsychiatric disorders; Development; Aging
