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Current Issue Table of Contents: 15 April, 2026, Volume 42, Issue 4


Impact Factor 5.8*
Journal Citation Reports Q1
(2024 CLARIVATE ANALYSTICS)

About the Cover

Synapses are fundamental units of neural circuits, and their efficiency and plasticity stem from the precise yet heterogeneous organization of organelles and molecular complexes. Tian et al. employ state-of-the-art cryo-ET to reveal the nanoscale architectures of intact hippocampal synapses in culture. The cover image features a 3D rendering of the cryo-ET reconstruction of a representative excitatory synapse, highlighting major components: plasma membrane (brown), endoplasmic reticulum and endosomes (yellow), mitochondria (bright green), microtubules (gray), ribosomes (grey‑pink), actin filaments (red), synaptic cleft molecules (pink), postsynaptic density (green), dense core vesicles (purple), dense granules (blue), empty clathrin cages (light-purple), and synaptic vesicles (light-green). This work provides a molecular view of the brain's communication units in their native context. See pages 729–743. (Cover designed by Chong-Li Tian, Shuo Liu, and Chang-Lu Tao)





Shumin Duan
Editor-in-Chief


Ru-Rong Ji
Co-Editor-in-Chief

Editorial Board

Editorial

Unveiling the “Glycolysis-Lactate-Lactylation” Axis: A Novel Target in Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease
Yi Xie1,2,3 · Mengmeng Dai1,2,3 · Rui Liu1,2,3 · Ying Li1,2,3 · Hao Yan1,2,3 · Jiacheng Li1,2,3 · Xuantong Liu1,2,3 · Zhiyuan Yu1,2,3 · Shabei Xu1,2,3 · Wei Wang1,2,3,4 · Xiang Luo1,2,3 [SpringerLink]

Circuit Mechanisms Underlying the Contribution of Leptin Receptor-Expressing Neurons in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius to Ventilatory Homeostasis
Yinchao Hao1,2 · Mengchu Zhu1,3 · Hongxiao Yu1 · Xiang Zhang1 · Yishuo Shi1 · Lu Sun1 · Yaxin Hao1 · Yifei Huang1 · Lingxiao Yu1 · Sheng Wang1,4,5 · Dongxing Zhao6 · Fang Yuan1,4,5 [SpringerLink]

Life Cycle and Circadian Rhythms in Central Resident Immunity and Neuropsychiatric Pathology
Zhixin Lim1,2,3,12 · Ha Linh Nguyen1,2,3,12 · Yuanyuan Zeng4 · Qigngyue Qu5 · Yan Le5 · Ming Sun1,2,3,6,12 · Xiaoyu Wang1,2,3,12 · Hong Zhu4,8,10 · Yuchen Qian6,12 · Saboor Saeed1,2,3,12 · Huaizhi Wang1,2,3,12 · Dazhong Rong2,7,12 · Yueming Wang2,7,12 · Xuhong Zhang1,2,3,8,9,12 · Shaohua Hu1,2,3,8,9,10,11,12,13 [SpringerLink]

From Biomarkers to New Treatments for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Albert H. C. Wong1,2,3 · Le Wang4 · Yuan Shen5 · Fang Liu1,2,4,6 [SpringerLink]

Decode the Ubiquitinome in Parkinson’s Disease: From Pathological Aggregates to Targeted DUB Therapeutics
i Yu1 · Qinshuai Ni2 · Litong Han1 · Shenghan Zhang1 · Huamin Xu3 · Junxia Xie1 · Yingjuan Liu1 [SpringerLink]

Beyond the Seizure Onset Zone: Fast Ripples as Anchors for Precise Neurostimulation Therapy
Shuye Ying1 · Jialu Chen2 · Xukun Fan1 · Yi Wang1 · Fan Fei1 [SpringerLink]

Ultrastructural Evidence of Altered Dendritic Morphology in the Prefrontal Cortex of Alzheimer's Model Rats
Jinyue Guo1,2 · Jing Liu1 · Yanchao Zhang1,3 · Jiazheng Liu1 · Hao Zhai1,4 · Linlin Li1 · Hua Han1,3 [SpringerLink]

Elevation of H2S Underlies Social Deficits in Environmental Factor Double-Hit Autism Model
Hongyu Ma1,2,3,4 · Qing Xu3,4 · Songqi Dong3,4 · Mengxin Guo3,4 · Hanze Liu3,4,5 · Taozhi Wang6 · Mengmeng Wang3,4 · Yazhou Wang3,4 · Shengxi Wu1,2,3,4 [SpringerLink]

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A New Driver of Parkinson’s Disease: FAM171A2 Facilitates α-Synuclein Uptake and Spread
Qiuhan Wang1 · Tao Qiu1 · Yiying Hu1,2 · Tianbai Li1 [SpringerLink]

Synaptic Protein Lactylation: A Novel Mechanism Underlying Physical Exercise-mediated Stress Resilience
Can‑Yuan Zhang1 · Su‑Fen Wei1,2 · Xiong Cao1 [SpringerLink]

The Eyes are The Windows To The Soul: Pupillary Changes Reflect The Consolidation of New and Old Memories During Sleep
Wei‑Kun Su1 · Yan‑Jia Luo2 · Fangyuan Li1 · Hong Jiang2 · Jing Wang1 · Ya‑Dong Li1,3 [SpringerLink]

Threat-Driven Social Plasticity: Switch from Innate Attraction to Conditioned Preference
Hongyu Zuo1 · Jie Li1 · Xia Zhang1,2 · Bin Zhang1 [SpringerLink]

GPR37L1 in Spinal Astrocytes: A Potential Target for Neuropathic Pain Management
Jingyang Xu1 · Yufeng Chen1 · Lerong Chen1,2 · Boyi Liu1,3 [SpringerLink]

Imaging and Quantifying the Diversity of Native NMDA Receptors
Sophie Shi1 · David Stroebel1 · Laetitia Mony1 · Pierre Paoletti1 [SpringerLink]

Novel Strategies for Cognitive Enhancement via Noninvasive Neuromodulation
Hongwei Li1,2 · Kun Zhao2,3 · Yong Liu2,3,4 [SpringerLink]

The Astrocyte: A New Component of The Engram Regulates Memory Recall
Ru Li1,2 · Zilan Luo1,2 · Ding Zhong2,4 · Xia Deng2 · Liang Gao1,2,3 [SpringerLink]

Cortical Dysplasia Beyond mTOR: Cellular Senescence Takes a Toll
Yixin Zhan1,2 · Jiping Zhou3 · Guoqing Zheng1,2 · Yang Zheng1,2 [SpringerLink]

Zona Incerta: A Bridge for Infant-Mother Interaction
Yawen Huang1 · Jun Wang2,3,4,5 · Na Liu2,3,4,5 · Han Xu2,3,4,5 [SpringerLink]

Mapping Fear-Related Neural Activity and Circuitry Changes Following Prophylactic Administration of (R,S)-Ketamine and (2S,6S)-Hydroxynorketamine
Minzhu Li1 · Li Cheng1 [SpringerLink]

“CATCH ME IF YOU CAN”: Unlocking the Hidden Key in Obesity Intervention via the Vagus-Jejunum Axis
Shuo Zhang1,2 · Lingyu Xu1 · Yila Ding1 · Cenglin Xu1 [SpringerLink]

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Psilocybin and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Exploring New Therapeutic Horizons
Longwei Yang1,2 · Haohong Li3,4 · Xiaohui Wang1,2,4 [SpringerLink]

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelics in Chronic Pain Management: A New Frontier in Medicine
Cong Lin1 · Xue Wang2 · Xiaohui Wang1,3 [SpringerLink]

Halting the Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease: Is the Goal in Sight?
Yu‑Juan Jia1,2 · Xuan‑Yue Wang3 · Jie Liu2 · Yan‑Jiang Wang4,5 · Colin L. Masters6 · Jun‑Hong Guo1 [SpringerLink]

The Current State and Future Outlook of PET Tracers for AMPA Receptors
Ling Li1 · Shenglin Wen1 · Ji Dai2,3,4,5 [SpringerLink]

Psychoactive Substances: Transforming the Paradigm for Treating Mental Health Disorders in the Post-Pandemic Era
Haojiang Zhai1,2 · Yibo Wang1 · Xiaohui Wang1,2 [SpringerLink]

Neurotensin Modulates Emotional Valence Assignment in the Basolateral Amygdala Through Neuromodulator Gain
Maimaitishalijiang Abudureheman1,2 · Yu‑Hao Xiao1,2 · Li‑Zang Zeng1,2 · Hong‑Yan Geng1,2 [SpringerLink]

Constructing A Theoretical Model to Bridge Neural Transition with a State Switch in Bipolar Disorder
Xiaonan Guo1 · Lizichen Chen2 · Jianbo Lai1,4 · Shaohua Hu1,3,4,5,6,7,8 [SpringerLink]

Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation within Dense-Core Vesicles in Sympathetic Adrenal Chromaffin Cells
Quanfeng Zhang1 · Zhaohan Lin1 · Xinyu Du1 · Zhuan Zhou1,2,3 [SpringerLink]

The Claustrum Controls Motor Activity Through Anterior Cingulate Cortex Input and Local Circuit Synchronization in a Preparatory Manner
Zi‑Qi Kou1,2 · Chun‑Yan Chen1,2 · Mamatsali Abdurahman1,2 · Xu‑Chu Weng1,2 · Chun Hu1,2 · Hong‑Yan Geng1,2 [SpringerLink]

Photobiomodulation: A Potential Non-invasive Method to Alleviate Neurological Events Following COVID-19 Infection
Chongyun Wu1 · Timon Cheng‑Yi Liu1 · Rui Duan1 · Luodan Yang1 [SpringerLink]

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The Risk and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Infections Among Inpatients in Psychiatric Hospitals
Yuncheng Zhu • Liangliang Chen • Haifeng Ji • Maomao Xi • Yiru Fang • Yi Li [SpringerLink]

Expert Consensus on the Care and Management of Patients with Cognitive Impairment in China
Academy of Cognitive Disorders of China (ACDC) • Yuliang Han • Jianjun Jia • Xia Li • Yang Lv • Xuan Sun • Shanshan Wang • Yongjun Wang • Zhiwen Wang • Jintao Zhang • Jiong Zhou & Yuying Zhou [SpringerLink]

An Overview of the Expert Consensus on the Prevention and Treatment of Gaming Disorder in China (2019 Edition)
Yu-Tao Xiang • Yu Jin • Ling Zhang • Lu Li • Gabor S. Ungvari • Chee H. Ng • Min Zhao & Wei Hao [SpringerLink]

Perspective on Etiology and Treatment of Bipolar Disorders in China: Clinical Implications and Future Directions
Zuowei Wang • Chen Jun • Keming Gao • Haichen Yang • Yiru Fang [SpringerLink]

Standardized Operational Protocol for Human Brain Banking in China
Wenying Qiu • Hanlin Zhang • Aimin Bao • Keqing Zhu • Yue Huang • Xiaoxin Yan • Jing Zhang • Chunjiu Zhong • Yong Shen • Jiangning Zhou • Xiaoying Zheng • Liwei Zhang • Yousheng Shu • Beisha Tang • Zhenxin Zhang • Gang Wang • Ren Zhou • Bing Sun • Changlin Gong • Shumin Duan & Chao Ma [SpringerLink]

Impaired Hypothalamic Regulation of Sympathetic Outflow in Primary Hypertension
Jing-Jing Zhou • Hui-Jie Ma • Jian-Ying Shao • Hui-Lin Pan • De-Pei Li [SpringerLink]

The Risk and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Infections Among Inpatients in Psychiatric Hospitals
Yuncheng Zhu 1 • Liangliang Chen 2 • Haifeng Ji 2 • Maomao Xi 3 • Yiru Fang 1,5,6 • Yi Li 4 [SpringerLink]

An Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Heterogeneity and Treatment Options OPEN ACCESS
Anne Masi1 • Marilena M. DeMayo1 • Nicholas Glozier1 • Adam J. Guastella1 [SpringerLink]

Pharmacological Modulation of Vagal Nerve Activity in Cardiovascular Diseases
Longzhu Liu • Ming Zhao • Xiaojiang Yu • Weijin Zang* [SpringerLink]

Gene Editing to the Rescue: Reversal of Social Deficits Associated with MECP2 Duplication
Zi-Xian Yu 1,2,3 • Dan-Yang Wang 1,2,3 • Xiao-Hong Xu 1,3 [SpringerLink]

Regulation of Pain and Itch by TRP Channels
Carlene Moore1 • Rupali Gupta1 • Sven-Eric Jordt2 • Yong Chen1,* • Wolfgang B. Liedtke1,2,* [SpringerLink]

Spinal Circuits Transmitting Mechanical Pain and Itch
Bo Duan1,* • Longzhen Cheng2,* • Qiufu Ma3,* [SpringerLink]

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Special Issue on Pain and Itch
Issue Editor: Ru-Rong Ji
2025 Vol 41 Issue 12

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Special Issue Celebrating the 25th Anniversary of the Institute of Neuroscience, CAS
Issue Editors: ting lv,Fei Dong,Shumin Duan,Yefei Li
2024 Vol 40 Issue 11

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Special Issue on Novel Mechanism, Drug Target and Therapy in Epilepsy
Issue Editor: Zhong Chen
2024 Vol 40 Issue 5

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Special Issue on Novel Insight into Glial Biology and Diseases
Issue editor: He Cheng
2023 Vol 39 Issue 3

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Special Issue on Pain and Itch
Guest Editor: Ru-Rong Ji
2022 Vol 38 Issue 4

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