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Current Issue Table of Contents:Volume 42, Issue 10, October, 2026


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Volume 42, Issue 10, October, 2026


Original Articles

Mapping Brain Spatial Metabolic Atlas Reveals Anesthesia-Induced Region-Specific Alterations
Wei Feng1,2 · Lijuan Pang1,2,6 · Chun‑Jie Liu3 · Jiuming He4 · Lisi Wang1,2 · Zhenyu Xu5 · Yinglong Zeng5 · Zengqiang Yuan7,8 · Chao Zhang1,2
2026,42(10):2181–2198   [ Abstract]   [ SpringerLink]   [PDF]

Circuit Mechanisms Underlying the Contribution of Leptin Receptor-Expressing Neurons in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius to Ventilatory Homeostasis
Yinchao Hao1,2 · Mengchu Zhu1,3 · Hongxiao Yu1 · Xiang Zhang1 · Yishuo Shi1 · Lu Sun1 · Yaxin Hao1 · Yifei Huang1 · Lingxiao Yu1 · Sheng Wang1,4,5 · Dongxing Zhao6 · Fang Yuan1,4,5
2026,42(10):2199–2218   [ Abstract]   [ SpringerLink]   [PDF]

Mescaline Alters Cerebellar Function, Global Connectivity, and Frequency-Selective Acoustic Gating: A BOLD fMRI Study in Awake Rats
Noah Cavallaro1 · Priya Rai1 · David Akins1 · Sima Soltanpour2 · Md Taufiq Nasseef3 · Richard J. Ortiz4 · Rachel Utama1 · Caitlyn R. Cody5 · Anoushka Mistry1 · Heather C. Brenhouse5 · Praveen P. Kulkarni1 · Craig F. Ferris1,6
2026,42(10):2219–2237   [ Abstract]   [ SpringerLink]   [PDF]

Muscone Exerts Rapid Antidepressant Effects Through Modulating Glutamatergic Neural Transmission in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Against Peripheral Inflammation-induced Depression
Xiaoyun Qiu1 · Xiaojie Zhang1 · Yuanzhi Yang1 · Minjuan Sun1 · Xiaoli Da1 · Jiaying Liu1 · Rui Wang1 · Jingjia Liang1 · Xuhong Jiang1 · Gang Tian1 · Qiyuan Shan1 · Yu Du1 · Lihong Li1 · Li Cheng1 · Yi Wang1 · Zhong Chen1 · Cenglin Xu1
2026,42(10):2238–2254   [ Abstract]   [ SpringerLink]   [PDF]

Measuring the Impacts of Urbanicity and Different Exposome Factors on Human Brain through Exposure Network Mapping
Na Luo1,2 · Zhengyi Yang1,2 · Ming Song1,2 · Shiqi Di1,2 · Congying Chu1 · Weiyang Shi1 · Weihua Yue3,4 · Yuyanan Zhang3,4 · Hao Yan3,4 · Xiao Zhang3,4 · Dai Zhang3,4 · Jing Sui5 · Vince Calhoun6 · Tianzi Jiang1,2,7,8
2026,42(10):2255–2268   [ Abstract]   [ SpringerLink]   [PDF]

Acute Stress Drives Adaptive Anxiety via Excitatory-Inhibitory Imbalance in the Prefrontal-Amygdala Circuit in Male Mice
Jia‑Xin Zou1,2,7 · En Cao1 · Zhi‑Hao Wang1,2 · Rui Han3 · Xing‑Yan Lu1 · Cheng‑Yuan Huang1,2 · Xia Qin4 · Wei‑Zhu Liu1,6 · Wen‑Hua Zhang1,2,5 · Bing‑Xing Pan1,2
2026,42(10):2269–2285   [ Abstract]   [ SpringerLink]   [PDF]

Neurocomputational Mechanisms Linking Future Interaction Prospects to Reactive and Proactive Costly Punishment
Chuangbing Huang1,2,3,4,5 · Xingmei Zhou6 · Feilong Liu1,2,3,4,5 · Binjie Yang1,2,3,4,5 · Zixin Zheng1,2,3,4,5 · Xiaoqing Li1,2,3,4,5 · Yijie Yin1,2,3,4,5 · Yue‑Jia Luo2,6,7,8 · Chunliang Feng1,2,3,4,5
2026,42(10):2286–2306   [ Abstract]   [ SpringerLink]   [PDF]

N-Homocysteinylation of Cofilin-1 Aggravates Epileptic Pathophysiology via Disruption of Actin Dynamics
Xinyu Mei1 · Yi Liu4,5 · Chuantao Fang3 · Jingjing Guo1 · Yanfeng Tan2 · Ying Shi2 · Jianbo Xiao4,6 · Dashi Qi1,2
2026,42(10):2307–2318   [ Abstract]   [ SpringerLink]   [PDF]

Reviews

Unveiling the “Glycolysis-Lactate-Lactylation” Axis: A Novel Target in Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease
Yi Xie1,2,3 · Mengmeng Dai1,2,3 · Rui Liu1,2,3 · Ying Li1,2,3 · Hao Yan1,2,3 · Jiacheng Li1,2,3 · Xuantong Liu1,2,3 · Zhiyuan Yu1,2,3 · Shabei Xu1,2,3 · Wei Wang1,2,3,4 · Xiang Luo1,2,3
2026,42(10):2319–2338   [ Abstract]   [ SpringerLink]   [PDF]

The Theoretical Evolution of Social Memory and the Core Contribution of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Tianyu Li1 · Xiaohui Zhang1
2026,42(10):2339–2357   [ Abstract]   [ SpringerLink]   [PDF]

Targeting Spinal Dorsal Horn Sensitisation in Chronic Pain: Mechanisms and Translational Strategies
Volodymyr Krotov1 · Olga Kopach2,3
2026,42(10):2358–2380   [ Abstract]   [ SpringerLink]   [PDF]

Redefining PHOX2B-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders as Circuitopathies: A New Paradigm in Autonomic Network Medicine
Zixu Zhang1,2 · Shengru Hu1,2 · Yaxuan Chen1 · Ting He2 · Wei Xie2 · Mingdao Mu1,2
2026,42(10):2381–2392   [ Abstract]   [ SpringerLink]   [PDF]

Letters to the Editor

Noninvasive Trans-Spinal Direct Current Stimulation Improves Breathing in Mice Modeling an Obesity-Associated Central Hypoventilation Syndrome
Roman Delucenay‑Clarke1 · Alexis Casciato1 · Marlène Bret1 · Manon Reverdy1 · Alain Frugière1 · Frédéric Blond2 · Noémie Bonneau2 · Elodie Reboussin2 · Annabelle Réaux‑Le Goazigo2 · Xavier Guillonneau2 · Jean‑Charles Lamy3,4 · Thomas Similowski1,5 · Marie‑Cécile Niérat1 · Florence Cayetanot1 · Laurence Bodineau1
2026,42(10):2393–2398   [ Abstract]   [ SpringerLink]   [PDF]

Lithium Enhances Survival Bias Associated with the Lateral Habenula Suppression
Kunlin Liu1,2 · Rui Zhu2,3 · Haoyue Guo2,4 · Jinghuan Li1 · Qianfu Wang5 · Yi He5 · Chenggang Zhu6 · Zheng Ma2 · Xiaodan Jiang1 · Jack van Honk7,8 · Jin Bao2,4,5,9,10
2026,42(10):2399–2404   [ Abstract]   [ SpringerLink]   [PDF]

Research Highlights

The MPOA-VTA Pathway: From Pup Care to Adult Helping
Keyu Chen1,2 · Jingkai Fan1,5 · Han Xu1,2,3,4,5
2026,42(10):2405–2408   [ Abstract]   [ SpringerLink]   [PDF]

Rational Design of Gi-biased CB1 Agonists for the Next Generation of Analgesic Drug
Na Ye2 · Zhi‑Feng Shi1,2 · Fu‑Hai Ji1,3 · Xue‑Chu Zhen1,2,3
2026,42(10):2409–2411   [ Abstract]   [ SpringerLink]   [PDF]

Tuning Rather Than Replacing: MECP2 Isoform Switching Opens a New Therapeutic Avenue for Rett Syndrome
Xue Liu1 · Ling Gong2 · Miao He2
2026,42(10):2412–2414   [ Abstract]   [ SpringerLink]   [PDF]


Volume 42, Issue 10, October 2026

Anesthesia profoundly alters brain metabolism, yet its spatial heterogeneity remains unclear. In this issue, Feng et al. address this gap by constructing a spatial metabolomic atlas of the mouse brain under wakefulness and anesthesia. Annotating 727 metabolites across 11 regions, they developed the Mouse Brain Spatial Metabolome Atlas (MBSMA)—an open‑access, interactive online platform. In addition, they used image analysis to examine how cortical microvascular hemodynamics respond differentially to various anesthetic modalities during the transition from wakefulness to anesthesia. The cover image features a coronal section of the mouse brain with molecular formulas of key metabolites superimposed on it. The hues of the clouds and the mouse pattern together represent the wakeful and anesthetized states, echoing the Chinese Yin‑Yang concept. This imagery artfully conveys the brain's transitioning spatial metabolic landscape from wakefulness to anesthesia. See pages 2181–2198. (Cover designed by Wei Feng and Chao Zhang)